TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stecher, Chad
AU  - Cloonan, Sara
AU  - Linnemayr, Sebastian
AU  - Huberty, Jennifer
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/4/28
TI  - Combining Behavioral Economics–Based Incentives With the Anchoring Strategy: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
JO  - JMIR Res Protoc
SP  - e39930
VL  - 12
KW  - habits
KW  - mindfulness meditation
KW  - mobile apps
KW  - mobile health
KW  - mHealth
KW  - adherence
KW  - meditation
KW  - mindfulness
KW  - intervention
KW  - apps
KW  - smartphone apps
KW  - stress
KW  - management
KW  - mobile phone
AB  - Background: Chronic (ie, long-term) elevated stress is associated with a number of mental and physical health conditions. Mindfulness meditation mobile apps are a promising tool for stress self-management that can overcome several barriers associated with in-person interventions; however, to date, poor app-based intervention adherence has limited the efficacy of these mobile health tools. Anchoring, or pairing, a new behavior with an existing routine has been shown to effectively establish habits that are maintained over time, but this strategy typically only works for those with high initial motivation and has yet to be tested for maintaining meditation with a mobile app. Objective: This study will test novel combinations of behavioral economics–based incentives with the anchoring strategy for establishing and maintaining adherence to an effective dose of meditation with a mobile app. Methods: This 16-week study will use a 5-arm, parallel, partially blinded (participants only), randomized controlled design. We will implement a fractional factorial study design that varies the use of self-monitoring messages and financial incentives to support participants’ use of their personalized anchoring strategy for maintaining adherence to a ≥10 minute-per-day meditation prescription during an 8-week intervention period, followed by an 8-week postintervention observation period. Specifically, we will vary the use of self-monitoring messages of either the target behavior (ie, meditation tracking) or the outcome associated with the target behavior (ie, mood symptom tracking). We will also vary the use of financial incentives conditional on either meditation at any time of day or meditation performed at approximately the same time of day as participants’ personalized anchors. Results: Continuous meditation app use data will be used to measure weekly meditation adherence over the 16-week study period as a binary variable equal to 1 if participants complete ≥10 minutes of meditation for ≥4 days per week and 0 otherwise. We will measure weekly anchoring plan adherence as a binary variable equal to 1 if participants complete ≥10 minutes of meditation within +1 or −1 hour of the timing of their chosen anchor on ≥4 days per week and 0 otherwise. In addition to these primary measures of meditation and anchoring plan adherence, we will also assess the secondary measures of stress, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, sleep disturbance, and meditation app habit strength at baseline, week 8, and week 16. Conclusions: This study will fill an important gap in the mobile health literature by testing novel intervention approaches for establishing and maintaining adherence to app-based mindfulness meditation. If successful, this study will identify an accessible and scalable stress self-management intervention that can help combat stress in the United States. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05217602; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05217602 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/39930 
SN  - 1929-0748
UR  - https://www.researchprotocols.org/2023/1/e39930
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/39930
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37115610
DO  - 10.2196/39930
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/39930
ER  -