TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arguni, Eggi
AU  - Chamida, Fatia Murni
AU  - Indrawanti, Ratni
AU  - Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy
AU  - Dewi, Yunika Puspa
AU  - Laksanawati, Ida Safitri
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/6/6
TI  - The Kinetics of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Pediatric Patients and the Characterization of Post–COVID-19 Condition at 6 Months After Infection: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study
JO  - JMIR Res Protoc
SP  - e43344
VL  - 12
KW  - kinetics
KW  - anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
KW  - post–COVID-19 condition
KW  - long COVID
KW  - pediatric patient
KW  - antibodies
KW  - COVID-19
AB  - Background: Data regarding the kinetics of anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and information about post–COVID-19 condition (colloquially known as “long COVID”) in children are scarce, especially in low-income countries. Even though cases of COVID-19 in children are less prevalent than adults, post–COVID-19 condition cases in children are high and have a burden that may impact their growth and development. There are other features of antibody kinetics in connection with SARS-CoV-2 infection that are yet unknown as of this writing, especially in children following infection. Furthermore, the long-term results, risk factors, and underlying pathophysiology are still uncertain. To better understand post–COVID-19 condition in children, it is necessary to further investigate the impact of clinically significant factors such multisystem inflammatory syndrome and disease severity among hospitalized survivors through their SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Objective: We aim to analyze anti–receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies over time and characterize the signs and symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition in pediatric patients at the time of diagnosis and at 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months following infection. Methods: This is a longitudinal observational study in Indonesia. Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by positive molecular assay using nasopharyngeal swab will be tested for anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay at the time of diagnosis and at 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months following infection. Antibody titer data will be reported as means and SDs. The respondents’ signs and symptoms will be observed up to 6 months after the onset of infection, including the vaccination event, reinfection, rehospitalization, and mortality. The clinical features will be reported as frequencies and percentages. Results: Participant enrollment began in February 2022. As of September 30, 2022, a total of 58 patients were enrolled. After data collection, results are expected to be analyzed in August 2023. Conclusions: This study will allow us to know the kinetics of anti–receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and data regarding post–COVID-19 condition up to 6 months following infection in the Indonesian pediatric population. Furthermore, this study has the potential to serve as a foundation for government decisions about vaccination programs and prevention measures. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/43344 
SN  - 1929-0748
UR  - https://www.researchprotocols.org/2023/1/e43344
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/43344
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37246961
DO  - 10.2196/43344
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/43344
ER  -