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Using Large Language Models to Automate Data Extraction From Surgical Pathology Reports: Retrospective Cohort Study

Using Large Language Models to Automate Data Extraction From Surgical Pathology Reports: Retrospective Cohort Study

We reviewed 102 surgical pathology reports from 102 patients and excluded reports if they were from other organ sites (n=10), benign (n=2), cytopathology (n=5), or outside review (n=1). We included 84 reports for analysis. The study flowchart is shown in Figure 2. Flowchart of the study design and analysis. *The concordance rate was calculated as the total number of concordant answers/total number of answers for each of the 12 medical question answering (MQA).

Denise Lee, Akhil Vaid, Kartikeya M Menon, Robert Freeman, David S Matteson, Michael L Marin, Girish N Nadkarni

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e64544

Extended Reality (XR) in Pediatric Acute and Chronic Pain: Systematic Review and Evidence Gap Map

Extended Reality (XR) in Pediatric Acute and Chronic Pain: Systematic Review and Evidence Gap Map

A much smaller number of studies (n=6) examined the utility of VR in chronic pain populations including intensive pain rehabilitation (n=1) [112], chronic burn dressing (n=1) [113], chronic musculoskeletal pain (n=1) [114], chronic cancer-related pain (n=2) [115,116], and chronic abdominal pain (n=1) [117]. See Figure 2 for the summary of pain populations included across the studies.

Courtney W Hess, Brittany N Rosenbloom, Giulia Mesaroli, Cristal Lopez, Nhat Ngo, Estreya Cohen, Carley Ouellette, Jeffrey I Gold, Deirdre Logan, Laura E Simons, Jennifer N Stinson

JMIR Pediatr Parent 2025;8:e63854

A Remote Intervention Based on mHealth and Community Health Workers for Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in People With HIV: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

A Remote Intervention Based on mHealth and Community Health Workers for Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in People With HIV: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Notably, most participants (25/40, 63%) in both intervention and control groups reported annual incomes Baseline sociodemographic characteristics of participants, comparing the control and intervention groups (N=40). a The P value for age was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the distribution of ages between the control and intervention groups based on the full dataset of individual ages. b GED: General Educational Development.

Shivesh Shourya, Jianfang Liu, Sophia McInerney, Trinity Casimir, James Kenniff, Trace Kershaw, David Batey, Rebecca Schnall

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e67997

Public Awareness of and Attitudes Toward the Use of AI in Pathology Research and Practice: Mixed Methods Study

Public Awareness of and Attitudes Toward the Use of AI in Pathology Research and Practice: Mixed Methods Study

One UK study surveyed men who had undergone a prostate biopsy (N=1276) and reported that respondents were mostly supportive of AI as a diagnostic companion to professional decision-making (1058/1276, 83%) [29]. However, more widely, there have been documented concerns from the public about an overreliance on AI in health care at the expense of human involvement [30,31] and uncertainty about the delegation of clinical responsibilities to machines and systems [32,33].

Claire Lewis, Jenny Groarke, Lisa Graham-Wisener, Jacqueline James

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e59591

Evaluation of the Tu’Washindi Na PrEP Intervention to Reduce Gender-Based Violence and Increase Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Adherence Among Kenyan Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Evaluation of the Tu’Washindi Na PrEP Intervention to Reduce Gender-Based Violence and Increase Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Adherence Among Kenyan Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

We have randomized 22 administrative wards in a 1:1 ratio and aim to enroll about 72 adolescent girls and young women from each (total N=about 1584) to receive either the Tu’Washindi intervention plus usual HIV prevention services, or usual HIV prevention services alone.

Sarah T Roberts, Alexandra M Minnis, Sue Napierala, Elizabeth T Montgomery, Lina Digolo, Mackenzie L Cottrell, Erica N Browne, Jacqueline Ndirangu, Joyce Boke, Kawango Agot

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e55931

The Monthly Cycling of Food Insecurity in Latinas at Risk for Diabetes: Methods, Retention, and Sample Characteristics for a Microlongitudinal Design

The Monthly Cycling of Food Insecurity in Latinas at Risk for Diabetes: Methods, Retention, and Sample Characteristics for a Microlongitudinal Design

In this laboratory, Hb A1c shows the following coefficients of variation for normal and high values: level 1 mean=5.51%, CV=3.3 based on n=320, and level 2 mean=9.01%, CV=3.2 based on n=304. Glucose was reported in mg/d L and insulin was reported in ui U/m L.

Angela Bermúdez-Millán, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Sofia Segura-Pérez, James Grady, Richard S Feinn VI, Hanako Agresta, Dean Kim, Julie Ann Wagner

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e66970

The AI Reviewer: Evaluating AI’s Role in Citation Screening for Streamlined Systematic Reviews

The AI Reviewer: Evaluating AI’s Role in Citation Screening for Streamlined Systematic Reviews

Hence, 121 citations (n=21, 17.4% included and n=100, 82.6% excluded) were tested against predefined eligibility criteria using Chat GPT 3.5 (version September 25, 2023), Chat GPT 4 (version September 25, 2023), Google Bard (version 1.15; released on September 2, 2023), Meta Llama 2 (70b parameters, version 2.1.1; released on October 10, 2023), and Claude AI 2 (version 1.3; released on July 11, 2023). We used descriptive statistics to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy.

Jamie Ghossein, Brett N Hryciw, Tim Ramsay, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e58366