JMIR Research Protocols

Systemic therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, has improved survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its efficacy remains limited in patients with macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI), a subgroup with an extremely poor prognosis. Although combining immunotherapy with local treatments such as hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and radiation therapy (RT) is considered a promising approach, robust supportive evidence from routine clinical practice is lacking.

It is well known that breastfeeding provides favorable health outcomes for both mother and baby. However, many mothers struggle to meet global recommendations to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months. Of those who cease breastfeeding early, one third attribute this to perceived insufficient milk supply. Currently, it is uncertain how the perception of insufficient milk supply relates to physiological milk volume or nutrient composition.

Adolescent social media research has primarily focused on frequency of platform use and self-report measures. There has been limited focus on the self-generated content posted by adolescents and how this might relate to their well-being.

This scoping review protocol addresses the imperative need for a comprehensive understanding of the health and well-being of university members, aligning with the global recognition of universities as pivotal in promoting holistic well-being. The lack of consensus and diverse definitions surrounding health and well-being in the academic literature necessitate a systematic approach. The scoping review protocol is designed to develop proposals for measures to improve the health and well-being of university members.

The Mothers’ Absolute Affection (MAA) program is a national initiative launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, on August 5, 2016, to promote, support, and protect breastfeeding across the country. The program aims to provide focused breastfeeding promotion and counseling services through the health system. It targets approximately 39 million pregnant and nursing mothers, 880,000 Accredited Social Health Activists, 150,000 subcenters, and 17,000 delivery points across all states and union territories. Despite its wide reach, there remains a lack of valid and reliable tools to assess mothers’ knowledge and practices related to breastfeeding and the MAA program.

Master’s degree programs in advanced nursing practice have been established in Switzerland for approximately 2 decades, and the role of advanced practice nurses (APNs) is increasingly embedded within the Swiss health care system. Despite their growing presence, there remains a lack of clarity and consistency regarding this progress; persistent ambiguity in role definitions, expectations, and competencies continues to hinder consistent implementation and contributes to uncertainty for both APNs and employers. Existing research has not sufficiently examined how APN competencies and role perceptions develop during graduate education and the early transition to practice. This substudy of the research initiative, –Competence and Role Development (), focuses exclusively on a defined cohort of master’s students and follows their competence and role development longitudinally.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Although breast cancer survival is slowly increasing, related sequelae can persist after the disease has been treated. The main physical symptoms associated with breast cancer survival include pain, lymphedema, and associated functional limitations. Although multiple treatments are available for alleviating symptoms in breast cancer survivors, their effectiveness remains limited. Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) therapies, which are based on the theory of motor simulation and are used in multiple fields with satisfactory results, have been proposed as alternatives for treating pain and improving mobility and strength.

The burden of children with lower respiratory infections and low blood oxygen levels (hypoxemia) is high, and outcomes are poor in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pulse oximeters noninvasively measure the capillary oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO) to identify hypoxemia, but high-quality devices designed for the unique needs of children are rarely available in primary health care clinics (PHCs) in LMICs, where children initially access care.

The widespread use of mobile devices has markedly increased global exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic waves (EMWs). Emerging evidence indicates potential biological effects of EMW exposure in susceptible populations, particularly pregnant women; however, findings remain inconsistent.

Conventional treatments have been frequently reported to offer partial relief for some individuals managing arthritis pain and related symptoms, leading many to consider alternative options, such as cannabis. Informed decision-making about cannabis use requires patients to weigh potential benefits and risks in light of their personal values and preferences.

Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography reduces mortality by up to 20%, yet uptake in the United States remains below 6% of eligible individuals. Factors contributing to low uptake include lack of awareness, eligibility confusion, stigma associated with smoking history, and nihilistic beliefs about outcomes. Stigma triggers shame-avoidance behaviors, nihilism undermines perceived screening benefit, and misinformation amplifies both by spreading inaccurate eligibility criteria and exaggerated harms. Social media increasingly shapes how individuals encounter health information, form risk perceptions, and make screening decisions. Because platform architectures differ in content modality, algorithmic curation, and user demographics, single-platform studies cannot reliably characterize the digital information environment or identify platform-specific intervention targets.

Research indicates that university students experience higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) than the general population. In Uganda, existing psychological interventions for addressing SAD among students are primarily delivered face to face, which limits effective diagnosis and treatment due to stigma, a shortage of counselors, and long waiting times, which contribute to significant unmet mental health needs. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to improve access to mental health services.