JMIR Research Protocols

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent and apparently unpredictable seizures and associated with premature death, injury, and diminished quality of life. The unpredictability of seizures is a major concern for people with epilepsy. Thus, developing tools for seizure prediction is a research priority. The Artificial Intelligence to Optimise Seizure Prediction to Empower People With Epilepsy (ATMOSPHERE) project focuses on the development and evaluation of seizure forecasting technology involving mobile technology and machine learning to provide personalized seizure forecasting (risk of seizure in the near future). The project is informed by complex intervention frameworks, which recommend phases of development, feasibility study, clinical evaluation, and implementation.

The ethical, legal, and social issues accompanying the latest advancements in digital health technologies highlight the need to involve the public in their design, development, and deployment to align with societal values and needs. For public engagement to be meaningful, it should be participatory, inclusive, and scalable. However, studies in participatory digital health do not characterize public engagement strategies in terms of scalability, representativeness, and the extent of participation. Moreover, no reviews have examined how ethical debates shape the design and implementation of public engagement strategies in digital health ethics.

Drug-related deaths worldwide are most commonly attributed to opioids. Opioids and other sedative drugs can cause respiratory depression and airway compromise, leading to hypoxia and death. Device technology and artificial intelligence used to detect drug overdose has the potential to improve outcomes. PneumoWave Ltd has developed a small chest-worn respiratory monitoring device to detect concerning breathing patterns and alert an emergency response.

Despite a global decreasing trend in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), progress is not on track to meet the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Evidence suggests a positive effect of conditional cash transfer programs on controlling NTDs. However, it remains to be evaluated whether other financial incentive programs exert similar effects on NTD-related service utilization and treatment outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Drug misuse poses significant health risks, with rising prevalence globally, particularly affecting middle-aged and older adults. In Indonesia, drug misuse has complex impacts across physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Addressing these issues is crucial as Indonesia transitions to an aging population.

Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with HIV. However, maintaining retention in care—defined as ongoing engagement with medical services from diagnosis through regular follow-up—is essential for optimal clinical outcomes. Loss to follow-up (LTFU), commonly defined as the absence of ART prescription refills or medical visits for more than 90 days, has been associated with increased mortality, treatment failure, and continued community transmission. Although multiple individual and structural factors have been linked to LTFU, evidence from the Mexican context remains limited.

First responders (FRs) and frontline workers are frequently exposed to traumatic events within their professional roles. This exposure places them at risk of experiencing acute stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, and other adverse mental health outcomes. Despite growing awareness of these risks, there remains a lack of evidence-based digital interventions (DIs) tailored to meet their unique mental health needs.

Understanding interindividual variability in treatment response and toxicity is essential for optimizing outcomes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Molecular and pharmacogenetic markers hold promise in predicting treatment efficacy and adverse effects, particularly in genetically diverse populations. This protocol outlines the methodology for a prospective, nonrandomized observational cohort designed to evaluate molecular and pharmacogenetic factors associated with treatment response and toxicity in Indian children diagnosed with ALL.

Hypertension is a chronic condition and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and premature mortality worldwide. While blood pressure (BP) monitoring—via clinical, home, or ambulatory measurements—remains the primary diagnostic tool, each method is limited by variability, device inaccuracy, and difficulties in detecting atypical BP patterns such as masked or white-coat hypertension. These challenges underscore the need for innovative, complementary diagnostic approaches.

Despite the availability of effective vaccines, flu and COVID-19 uptake remains suboptimal, including among Indigenous communities in California who face unique barriers to accessing public health information. While previous research has evaluated health communication message content and design, fewer studies have systematically compared different dissemination strategies for the same intervention, leaving gaps in understanding optimal approaches for reaching marginalized populations.

Across the United States, there are millions of informal (ie, unpaid) caregivers helping individuals with Alzheimer Disease/Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or both. TBI is a risk factor for developing, and often co-occurs with, AD/ADRD. In the next decade, more informal caregivers will have to navigate the complexities of the dual diagnosis of TBI and AD/ADRD. Currently, there is a paucity of interventions for caregivers dealing with this dual diagnosis. Our team designed the TBI-AD/ADRD caregiver support intervention (TACSI) as a support program to meet the needs of those providing care to individuals with dual diagnoses of TBI and AD/ADRD.

People at greatest risk for poor HIV outcomes include young (13-34) people of color who have sex with men. Individuals in this population are least likely to be aware of their HIV status and are at the highest risk for disengaging from medical care and antiretroviral therapy. The Positive Peers mobile app (PPA) was designed to engage this population with real-time social support, HIV and healthy lifestyle information, and medical management tools. We expect that greater PPA engagement will predict key HIV care outcomes. Study predictions are grounded in a user-centric model of digital media use and the perceived affordances of the PPA.