JMIR Research Protocols

Suicide is a leading cause of preventable mortality and a major contributor to years of life lost. Many people who later die by suicide present to emergency departments in the months before death, often for reasons not explicitly related to self-harm and without receiving a risk assessment. Universal suicide risk screening in emergency care can improve detection but is difficult to implement because of time constraints, workflow disruption, and limited capacity to respond to increased identification.

Frontline workers are routinely exposed to traumatic and highly stressful events. Although the psychological effects of occupational trauma are well established, evidence suggests that these effects extend beyond the family members, affecting their psychological health, relationships, and functioning. Reported outcomes include secondary traumatic stress, psychological distress, caregiver burden, relationship difficulties, disrupted family functioning, and broader social impacts. However, evidence remains fragmented across occupational groups, disciplines, methodological approaches, and sociocultural contexts, limiting understanding of how occupational trauma affects families and hindering the development of family-inclusive, trauma-informed policies and services.

Health inequities have been a public health challenge for decades, exacerbated by disadvantages such as housing precarity, food insecurity, social disconnection, and discrimination, which are key social and structural health determinants. Young people who experience social disadvantages also experience a greater burden of health inequities. However, there has been limited research engaging youth in setting priorities for action and knowledge generation.

(therapeutic emesis) and (therapeutic purgation) are the two major biopurification procedures enlisted in Ayurveda. Studies explicitly showcasing their clinical efficacy are documented in substantial numbers. (seasonal purification) imparts rejuvenation in healthy individuals. However, its efficacy for health span and decelerating the aging process in healthy individuals remains a gray area.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted over 620 million people, including approximately 9 million in Africa, and introduced uncertainties, especially regarding coinfection with tuberculosis (TB) or HIV. TB and HIV, both global epidemics, disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries. Namibia and Botswana have reported high mortality rates due to TB and HIV, highlighting ongoing challenges.

Population aging is rapidly reshaping the Brazilian labor force, increasing the participation of adults aged 50 years and older and intensifying the need for safe, inclusive, and age‑friendly workplaces. Preventive behaviors at work play a vital role in protecting workers’ physical, social, and psychological health; however, no validated Brazilian Portuguese instrument is currently available to measure the frequency of these behaviors. The Preventive Behaviors at Work Frequency Scale (Échelle de Fréquence des Comportements Préventifs au Travail), developed in Canada, evaluates how often workers adopt 6 key preventive behaviors grounded in the model of preventive behaviors at work. A culturally adapted and psychometrically validated version is therefore needed to support occupational health research, surveillance, and evidence-based interventions for Brazilian older workers.

Migraine is a common and disabling neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches and associated symptoms that significantly affect quality of life. Conventional physiotherapy plays a supportive role in migraine management; however, it may not adequately address central sensitization and altered pain modulation. Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques, such as transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) and transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation (t-SNS), have shown potential in modulating central pain pathways and reducing migraine burden.

Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) can help close persistent gaps in access to assessment, prevention, and treatment. Recent advances in generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), further expand this promise by enabling natural language understanding, personalization, and empathic interaction across assessment, support, and therapeutic contexts. However, significant evaluation challenges persist, including a lack of standardized constructs and validated instruments, which limit the comparability, reproducibility, and generalizability of the findings. No systematic synthesis currently documents the frameworks, methodologies, and tools used to evaluate LLMs in DMHIs, thereby hampering the development of a comprehensive evidence base to guide future evaluation efforts.

Sexual and gender diverse populations experience inequities in health and health care access, as well as gaps in health professional education. Preregistration nursing and midwifery education represents a critical formative stage for developing inclusive and affirming practice; however, the integration of sexual and gender diversity within curricula remains variable and inconsistently described. Mapping how inclusive pedagogical practices address sexual and gender diversity in preregistration nursing and midwifery education will clarify current approaches and identify gaps in the literature.

Increasing attention has been directed toward environmental and climatic exposures as potential factors influencing reproductive function and fertility-related outcomes. However, the available evidence is dispersed across populations, study designs, and exposures.

Recent advancements in digital health have enabled the development of technology-enhanced diabetes coaching programs that offer personalized, data-driven, and adaptive support. However, evidence on their implementation and impact is scattered and has not been comprehensively synthesized. Although numerous studies have informed intervention development using different theories and models, the diversity of these approaches creates a significant challenge in developing an evidence-based intervention that is adaptable and effective across different population groups.

Emerging adults (EAs), typically ranging from 18 to 29 years, navigate a transitional period marked by rapid developmental, social, and psychological change. Despite heightened vulnerability to mental health (MH) concerns during this stage, service systems are often fragmented, with gaps between adolescent and adult care streams that leave many EAs without developmentally appropriate support. In response, developing approaches such as transdiagnostic stratification, which structures care around shared symptom processes and informs treatment intensity, and digital measurement-based care (dMBC), based on routine patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), have gained traction but remain challenging to implement consistently. This reinforces the need for rapid learning health system (RLHS) approaches that leverage continuous data and feedback for ongoing improvement, as well as co-design (CD) methods that meaningfully integrate EA perspectives into service improvement.