JMIR Research Protocols

Tobacco use remains the leading modifiable risk factor for causing cancer worldwide, particularly among people with HIV. In Laos, 61%‐80% of male people with HIV and 3%‐10% of female people with HIV smoke cigarettes. They currently have no theoretically and empirically based smoking cessation support. Our team developed a scalable and affordable mHealth (mobile health)–based automated treatment program to support Lao and Cambodian smokers to quit smoking. We also pioneered the Ask-Advise-Connect approach to identify patients who smoke and to connect them to treatment.

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems based on the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technologies are increasingly integrated into chronic disease management and telemedicine pathways. Despite their widespread adoption, cybersecurity performance, system resilience, and user behavior in real-world clinical environments remain underexplored. Existing evidence is fragmented, often limited to laboratory simulations or vendor-driven assessments, leaving a critical gap in understanding how cybersecurity risks across the full life cycle of RPM systems deployed in health care settings.

Noise-induced hearing loss is permanent yet preventable. Agricultural workers routinely experience hazardous noise exposure, and hearing protection use remains low. Existing interventions emphasize individual knowledge and intentions and have rarely been tested using objective outcome measures. This protocol describes the adaptation and pilot evaluation of an individual-level component of a multilevel noise-induced hearing loss prevention intervention for farmworkers. This pilot focuses on refining and testing a brief digitally delivered novella.

The need for gender-affirming care (GAC) for young people has increased rapidly worldwide. GAC includes social, psychological, and medical interventions aimed at alleviating gender-related distress. Given that many outcomes of GAC relate to how young people function and feel, a rigorously developed patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is needed. To address this need, GENDER-Q Youth was developed with extensive input from youth with lived experience. Concept elicitation interviews were performed with 47 youth from Canada and the United States. A conceptual framework and draft PROM were developed and refined with feedback from 33 experts and 17 youth, and were pilot tested with 406 older youth. The field test version of GENDER-Q Youth includes 16 independently functioning scales (248 items) that measure health-related quality of life, gender practices, voice, and experience of care.

Accurate measurement of lifestyle factors is central to understanding how daily behaviors act as risk factors or protective buffers to noncommunicable diseases. While wearable devices enable passive monitoring of physical activity or sleep, nutritional intake still depends on active participant input, such as manual dietary logs or image-based recordings. Adherence to such logging tasks often declines rapidly, impacting data completeness and clinical utility. Theory-based reminders drawing on loss-framing or logging consistency feedback (ie, tracking streaks) can improve adherence to lifestyle data collection, but the effects of these strategies on repeated dietary logging remain unclear.

Ambient voice technology (AVT) uses conversational AI to record and organize clinical consultations in real time. It is being adopted quickly across the National Health Service (NHS). However, evidence about its effects on productivity, costs, or staff experience across different health care settings is limited. Phase 1 of this research program developed a taxonomy, logic model, and outcome framework for evaluating AVT. Phase 2 will carry out a multisite, mixed methods evaluation of AVT in 4 NHS trusts. These include mental health outpatient services, acute hospital outpatient clinics, and accident and emergency departments.

Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are frequent in Europe, including in France, and are mainly driven by alcohol, metabolic dysfunction (diabetes and obesity), and viral hepatitis. Although risk factors are well established and easy to identify, CLDs are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, translating into poor prognosis. Descriptive data on CLD burden in France remain scarce, and health trajectories of these patients are uncharted. However, such data are crucial to guide clinical practice, to determine the target population for personalized public health policies, and to develop innovative strategies to reduce inequities in access to health care and ultimately improve survival.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional phase between normal aging and dementia. While no pharmacological treatments have proven effective, nonpharmacological interventions, such as cognitive stimulation and psychosocial support, have shown promise. Integrating digital tools and socially assistive robotics may improve engagement, personalization, and access to care, contributing to the preservation of cognitive function and overall well-being in older adults.

Precise localization of the mandibular condyle is essential for extraoral therapeutic procedures such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion undergoing myofunctional appliance therapy. Conventional localization methods rely on palpation and visual estimation, which are operator dependent and may compromise reproducibility and treatment outcomes. To address this limitation, a spectacle-mounted extraoral condyle locating device (EOCLD) has been developed to facilitate accurate and consistent condylar targeting.

Chatbots have the potential to reduce barriers to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), including lack of awareness, misconceptions, and stigma, by providing anonymous and continuous support. However, in the context of PrEP, chatbots are still nascent; they lack personalized informational expertise, peer experiential expertise, and human-like emotional support to facilitate future PrEP uptake. These personalized and relatable forms of support are crucial for increasing engagement, influencing health decisions, and fostering resilience and well-being.

Pain is a common symptom among older adults in nursing home settings, affecting 30% to 80% of residents living with dementia. Pain is not assessed; the underlying cause is not identified, and treatment is not initiated for a large percentage of residents. Untreated or overtreated pain can lower quality of life, negatively impact function, impair sleep, and increase behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia.

Background noise is common in everyday environments; yet, its effects on attention vary according to task demands, individual characteristics, and properties of the noise itself. Previous research has largely focused on music, nonspeech noise, or intelligible speech, leaving the effects of paralinguistic components of human speech (eg, tone, pitch, and rhythm) difficult to disentangle from linguistic content.