JMIR Research Protocols

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease and the most common genetic cause of infant death. Although pharmacological treatment improves survival rates and functional capacity, physiotherapy remains a key component of care. A newly developed innovative equine-assisted physiotherapy method based on neuroproprioceptive “facilitation and inhibition” principles (NEUROEQUIP-SMA) is hypothesized to improve the quality and extent of motor development in children with SMA.

Like other addictive behaviors, problem gambling is often chronic and relapsing. While digital interventions offer low-threshold treatment and support, their effectiveness is often limited by small effect sizes, low adherence, and high dropout rates. Progress in digital technology has enabled the development of ecological momentary interventions (EMIs), which provide just-in-time support tailored to users’ needs. However, EMIs for addictive behaviors have hardly been developed so far.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissues, leading to tooth mobility, ultimately resulting in potential tooth loss if left untreated. The new classification of periodontitis helps in establishing an appropriate diagnosis and planning treatment according to disease severity. One-stage full-mouth disinfection (OS-FMD), using chlorhexidine, has shown better outcomes than traditional quadrant-wise therapy. Platelet-Rich Fibrin offers enhancement in healing outcomes and regeneration due to sustained release of growth factors. Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) shows promising results in promoting tissue regeneration, reducing inflammation, and improving periodontal therapy outcomes. To date, no clinical study has been carried out for the assessment of the efficacy of i-PRF as an adjuvant in OS-FMD.

The accurate transfer of implant positions from the patient’s mouth to the laboratory is crucial for the successful fabrication of prostheses in implant-based prosthodontics. Making an implant impression is a crucial part of this procedure as it replicates the intraoral implant position and transfers it to the cast to be used in the laboratory for fabricating a passive fit prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to compare and assess the accuracy of implant impressions made with prefabricated self-perforating trays and custom acrylic trays.

Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (TRT) offers a promising approach for cancer treatment by delivering radiation directly to tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues. Accurate dosimetry of organs and tumors is crucial to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity, particularly for dose-limiting organs such as the kidneys. Although routine dosimetry using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is recommended per guidelines, its widespread clinical application remains limited owing to a lack of consensus on the optimal frequency and timing of SPECT scans for accurate dosimetry, which leads to variability in clinical practice and hinders robust dose–response relationships. Furthermore, absorbed dose calculations rely on software-specific curve-fitting models. Thus, discrepancies in dose estimates among different simulation software programs pose a significant challenge to standardizing dosimetry workflows.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by long-term structural or functional kidney abnormalities, often progressing over decades and potentially leading to kidney failure, treatable only by dialysis or transplantation. Nutritional programs (NPs), physical activity (PA) programs, and mindfulness programs (MPs) can play a key role in conservative CKD management, aiming to slow the progression of symptoms, decrease drug load, reduce stress, and delay dialysis. KidneYou (Advice Pharma Group Srl) integrates nutrition, exercise, and MPs to improve the health of patients with CKD by promoting lifestyle changes and stress reduction. As an innovative medical tool, KidneYou is designed to address an unmet need by providing a nonpharmacological approach for better managing CKD, empowering patients to manage their condition more effectively and sustain a healthier lifestyle, which could ultimately lead to improved disease outcomes.

HIV/AIDS is a disease associated with stigma and discrimination. This can hinder the adoption of preventive and treatment methods, especially in vulnerable populations, such as the transgender community.

Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs), based in Emergency Departments (EDs), have been proposed as a public health response to violence. These programs address the underlying reasons why patients are exposed to violence. In addressing any underlying modifiable risks and vulnerabilities HVIPs can reduce patients’ exposure to violence and therefore subsequent unplanned attendance into ED.

Tobacco-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) present a major public health challenge in China, requiring population-level management. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common and prevalent chronic respiratory disease associated with tobacco use. In addition, COPD shares risk factors with other NCDs that frequently co-occur, leading to multimorbidity. This study focuses on the early detection and integrated management of COPD and related multimorbidity among high-risk populations. Population medicine, an emerging and evolving concept aimed at maximizing population health and well-being, provides a promising framework for shifting interventions against COPD from an individual patient focus to a population-level approach.

As a critical period in psychosocial development, adolescence is marked by heightened emotion regulation demands as well as increased risk for, and vulnerability to, stress.

The loss of tooth structure in endodontically treated teeth compromises their structural integrity and increases their vulnerability to fractures. To strengthen these teeth, post and core systems must be used. Glass fiber posts have become more and more common among post materials because of their advantageous mechanical and aesthetic qualities. However, the effectiveness of customized glass fiber posts in enhancing fracture resistance compared to prefabricated ones remains a subject of ongoing debate.

Fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs)—vitamins A, D, E, and K—are essential micronutrients involved in key physiological processes. Both deficiency and excess can influence nutritional assessment and disease risk. In China, clinical evaluation of FSVs often relies on reference intervals (RIs) derived from Western populations, and no large-scale study has comprehensively evaluated all four FSVs in healthy Chinese adults.