JMIR Research Protocols

Advances in cancer treatment have improved survival rates; however, patients continue to experience significant treatment-related side effects, leading to reduced quality of life. Prehabilitation is an intervention that occurs before treatment and can improve patients’ functional capacity, recovery, and well-being through exercise, nutrition, and psychological support. Typical hospital-based prehabilitation is not accessible to all patients due to geographical, socioeconomic, and time-related barriers. Technology-based approaches, including eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) interventions, may overcome these barriers by enabling remote, patient-centered delivery. However, the current evidence base is heterogeneous and lacks synthesis regarding feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes.

Literature has shown an increase in research relating to autism and aging, and more specifically, autism and healthy aging. Within the literature, there is a clear lack of knowledge and understanding of the impacts of dementia and autism as co-occurring experiences. More specifically, there is a lack of clinical knowledge about the ways in which the cognitive profiles of autism and dementia do and do not overlap, and how this overlap might affect dementia assessments for this population. This is likely to result in challenges with diagnosis and may lead to misdiagnosis or a lack of diagnosis for the autistic population.

Malnutrition is a common and serious complication among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), leading to poor clinical outcomes, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Although current renal dietary guidelines emphasize adequate protein intake, they are predominantly animal based and may exacerbate inflammation and metabolic complications. Emerging evidence suggests that plant-focused diets can improve nutritional and inflammatory profiles without raising serum potassium levels. Increased plant consumption has also been associated with better metabolic control, reduced inflammation, and improved bowel function in patients undergoing PD. However, randomized controlled trials remain limited, and the effectiveness of such diets in malnourished patients undergoing PD is unclear. Hence, further investigation is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a plant-focused diet to inform evidence-based dietary recommendations in this population.

Neuromuscular activation disorders are frequently observed in patients with musculoskeletal pain and may contribute to persistent symptoms and delayed functional recovery. Neurocognitive approaches combining mindfulness and motor imagery have been proposed to target central mechanisms involved in motor control and pain modulation. Digital health tools offer an opportunity to standardize and disseminate such interventions in real-world settings.

Patient and public engagement in research can enhance its quality, ensure the relevance of findings to the public, and make the process more inclusive and democratic. Ensuring meaningful engagement can be challenging and requires careful preparation.

The United States (US) Southeast experiences a disproportionate burden of HIV, compounded by limited access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services due to systemic barriers, such as stigma, medical mistrust, and restrictive pharmacy policies. Collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) between pharmacists and clinicians represent a promising strategy to improve PrEP accessibility through pharmacy-based services.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a crucial component of systemic treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), serving as an effective means to reduce recurrence rates and improve survival outcomes. It not only maximizes the extent of resectable tumors but also converts inoperable tumors into operable ones. Shen-Ling-Lian-Xia Granules (SLLXG) is an in-house preparation developed by Longhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Formulated by Professor Liu Sheng, the fifth-generation inheritor of the Shanghai Gu School of Surgery, based on extensive clinical experience treating breast cancer, this compound has been clinically proven to improve postoperative symptoms in patients with TNBC, enhance immunity, reduce recurrence and metastasis, and prolong disease-free survival. However, clinical evidence regarding its efficacy in enhancing the therapeutic effect of NAC for TNBC remains to be established.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused devastating morbidity and mortality globally, and poses an unprecedented threat to economic growth. The global rollout of vaccines has been met with socioeconomic disparities, impeding the global effort in infection prevention and severity reduction. The development and evaluation of candidate vaccines against COVID-19 that overcome logistical, social, and economic challenges are highly needed. Here, a trial protocol is presented to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the TANCoV-1.3.20 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthy participants who were SARS-CoV-2 negative in Tanzania.

Maternal and child oral health remains a significant public health concern in India, contributing to early childhood caries, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and long-term health complications. Anganwadi workers (AWWs), under the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS), are well positioned to promote preventive oral health behaviors. However, oral health education is not part of their core training. This protocol outlines an implementation research study to develop, deliver, and evaluate a contextualized oral health education training package through AWWs for mother-child dyads in Kochi, Kerala.

Quality care for pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires frequent, multidisciplinary visits. Technological and clinical innovation have led to changes in T1D management, resulting in increasing data exchange required during these visits. Capturing comprehensive personal health and diabetes-related information discretely and integrating it into the clinical workflow is critical for optimal T1D care but is time-consuming. Time spent on data transfer often results in less time for holistic care and can lead to unmet needs for patients, families, and health care providers, as well as increased time pressures in clinic. To address this, the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario developed a caregiver proxy-reported questionnaire distributed via the MyChart patient portal, allowing families to input care information ahead of visits with the aim of dedicating more clinic time to personalized care. The launch of this tool, which integrates caregiver-entered information into the physician’s documentation workflow, brings the opportunity to systematically evaluate its impact on care quality and efficiency, with potential implications for broader adoption.

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