JMIR Research Protocols

Mobile health (mHealth), leveraging mobile devices for health measurement and promotion, is rapidly growing. Smartphone cameras can perform photoplethysmography (PPG) to estimate pulse rate (PR-PPG) and other features of the cardiac cycle. However, establishing the validity of PR-PPG is essential before it can be adopted for healthcare applications. There is a pervasive belief that PR-PPG is analogous to heart rate derived using electrocardiogram (HR-ECG), and we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to support or challenge this supposition.

Internationally, physical activity is successfully integrated into academic lessons in primary schools, showing promising results on cognition and student engagement. However, there is a lack of knowledge about its effects and feasibility for individual situated learning processes in upper secondary school.

Therapeutic emesis (T.E), known as vamana karma, is a classical method of detoxification performed to eliminate vitiated kapha ailments primarily from the body. This complete process assessment depends on physicians’ visual assessments of vomitus features and patient responses, introducing subjectivity and interobserver variability. Moreover, this method requires more than continuous monitoring; thus, a physician can sometimes lead to human errors, resulting in missed expelled content or complications. This AI model is proposed to monitor T.E to observe visual changes, i.e. patient vomitus content and gestures, to provide better. clinical outcomes. This approach has been explored for the first time in the traditional system of medicine.

National birth rates among adolescents have consistently decreased since 1991, yet substantial disparities remain, particularly among youth in foster care, who experience higher risks of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Few sexual health programs rarely address the specific needs of foster youth or incorporate youth perspectives into their design, development, and implementation.

Prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) is essential. Four-drug antiemetic therapy, consisting of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK1RA), a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3RA), dexamethasone (DEX), and olanzapine (OLZ), is currently recommended for HEC. However, the efficacy, optimal dosing schedule, and appropriate dosage of OLZ remain unclear when combined with a highly selective NK1RA, fosnetupitant (FosNTP).

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is crucial for managing pediatric hepatobiliary diseases but frequently results in postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction such as delayed flatus and defecation, which can prolong recovery and increase the risk of complications. Nonpharmacological interventions such as acupoint massage and mirabilite application offer potential benefits, but evidence for their efficacy and synergy in children after ERCP is lacking.

Hypertension and diabetes are very common, interrelated chronic conditions. Awareness, diagnosis, treatment, and control rates of these conditions remain low, and access to quality care – particularly in rural areas – is a persistent challenge in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Strengthening primary healthcare, including the use of digital tools, is important to improve management of these chronic conditions.

Mild cognitive impairment and early dementia (MCI-ED) are frequently unrecognized in routine care, particularly in home health care (HHC), where clinical decisions are made under time constraints and cognitive status may be incompletely documented. Federally mandated HHC assessments, such as the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), capture health and functional status but may miss subtle early cognitive changes. Speech, language, and interactional patterns during routine patient-nurse communication, together with information embedded in unstructured clinical notes, may provide complementary signals for earlier identification.

The World Health Organization (WHO) public health framework for healthy aging advocates for action on the trajectories of intrinsic capacity (IC) across a person’s life course to optimize functional ability. While the WHO integrated care for older people (ICOPE) framework provides guidance on a systematic care pathway on IC screening, clinical assessment to clarify IC deficits and person-centered management, its real-world implementation and evaluation remain nascent. The Intrinsic Capacity Promotion in Primary Care for the Frail (IMPACTFrail) program for mildly frail older adults in Singapore’s primary care seeks to operationalize WHO ICOPE and national strategies.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV transmission; yet, many people who would benefit from PrEP are not currently using it. Numerous programs and policies, including those provided under the US Ending the HIV Epidemic effort, have been implemented to increase PrEP use. Programs vary enormously, ranging from telemedicine PrEP support to electronic medical record prompts to social marketing and messaging campaigns. However, limited evidence exists regarding their relative impact on PrEP uptake.

Health literacy, defined as the ability to obtain, understand, evaluate, and use health information, influences health behaviors and outcomes. Low health literacy (LHL) is associated with misunderstandings of treatment instructions, poor adherence, and inadequate preventive behaviors, all of which contribute to health disparities. Although universal precautions, such as plain language and teach-back are recommended, recent studies indicate that these measures alone cannot fully address the challenges faced by patients with LHL. Previous qualitative studies have examined psychosocial processes through which shame and concealment shape patient–provider communication; however, these findings remain fragmented across settings and disciplines, and no scoping or systematic review has yet synthesized this evidence.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line antidepressants, however, only around 60% of patients could benefit from them. Acupuncture is supported by insufficient evidence to help with symptom relieving and SSRIs tolerance.