JMIR Research Protocols

Urinary calculi (UC), affecting 1%‐13% globally, pose a significant health burden due to high recurrence rates (up to 50% within 10 years) and substantial health care costs. Adequate fluid intake is a cornerstone of prevention; yet, its adherence remains poor due to forgetfulness, lifestyle barriers, and limited patient education. Existing mobile health interventions for UC prevention often lack medical oversight and clinical validation. WeChat-based digital therapeutic intervention may have a positive effect on fluid adherence in this patient group.

Excessive sugar consumption is a public health concern. Allulose, a low-calorie sugar with similar functional properties to sucrose, offers potential metabolic benefits. Animal and limited human studies suggest it may stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, improve glucose regulation, and support weight management. However, evidence to substantiate these effects in humans remains scarce.

The aging trend of people living with HIV or AIDS in China is increasing day by day. Frailty is a common condition among older adults living with HIV or AIDS and represents a significant cause of poor prognosis, including falls, decreased quality of life, increased mortality, and potentially prolonged hospital stays. Consequently, early frailty screening in this population holds important clinical significance.

Diabetic dyslipidemia (DD), characterized by a classical triad of abnormal lipid profiles among the diabetic population, presents a major public health concern in South Africa, particularly among Black South Africans. The increasing prevalence of DD significantly contributes to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. With the incidence of diabetes rising from 4.5% in 2010 to 12.7% in 2021, urgent preventive measures and effective treatments are crucial to tackle the risk of premature mortality.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease and the most common genetic cause of infant death. Although pharmacological treatment improves survival rates and functional capacity, physiotherapy remains a key component of care. A newly developed innovative equine-assisted physiotherapy method based on neuroproprioceptive “facilitation and inhibition” principles (NEUROEQUIP-SMA) is hypothesized to improve the quality and extent of motor development in children with SMA.

Like other addictive behaviors, problem gambling is often chronic and relapsing. While digital interventions offer low-threshold treatment and support, their effectiveness is often limited by small effect sizes, low adherence, and high dropout rates. Progress in digital technology has enabled the development of ecological momentary interventions (EMIs), which provide just-in-time support tailored to users’ needs. However, EMIs for addictive behaviors have hardly been developed so far.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissues, leading to tooth mobility, ultimately resulting in potential tooth loss if left untreated. The new classification of periodontitis helps in establishing an appropriate diagnosis and planning treatment according to disease severity. One-stage full-mouth disinfection (OS-FMD), using chlorhexidine, has shown better outcomes than traditional quadrant-wise therapy. Platelet-Rich Fibrin offers enhancement in healing outcomes and regeneration due to sustained release of growth factors. Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) shows promising results in promoting tissue regeneration, reducing inflammation, and improving periodontal therapy outcomes. To date, no clinical study has been carried out for the assessment of the efficacy of i-PRF as an adjuvant in OS-FMD.

The accurate transfer of implant positions from the patient’s mouth to the laboratory is crucial for the successful fabrication of prostheses in implant-based prosthodontics. Making an implant impression is a crucial part of this procedure as it replicates the intraoral implant position and transfers it to the cast to be used in the laboratory for fabricating a passive fit prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to compare and assess the accuracy of implant impressions made with prefabricated self-perforating trays and custom acrylic trays.

Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (TRT) offers a promising approach for cancer treatment by delivering radiation directly to tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues. Accurate dosimetry of organs and tumors is crucial to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity, particularly for dose-limiting organs such as the kidneys. Although routine dosimetry using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is recommended per guidelines, its widespread clinical application remains limited owing to a lack of consensus on the optimal frequency and timing of SPECT scans for accurate dosimetry, which leads to variability in clinical practice and hinders robust dose–response relationships. Furthermore, absorbed dose calculations rely on software-specific curve-fitting models. Thus, discrepancies in dose estimates among different simulation software programs pose a significant challenge to standardizing dosimetry workflows.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by long-term structural or functional kidney abnormalities, often progressing over decades and potentially leading to kidney failure, treatable only by dialysis or transplantation. Nutritional programs (NPs), physical activity (PA) programs, and mindfulness programs (MPs) can play a key role in conservative CKD management, aiming to slow the progression of symptoms, decrease drug load, reduce stress, and delay dialysis. KidneYou (Advice Pharma Group Srl) integrates nutrition, exercise, and MPs to improve the health of patients with CKD by promoting lifestyle changes and stress reduction. As an innovative medical tool, KidneYou is designed to address an unmet need by providing a nonpharmacological approach for better managing CKD, empowering patients to manage their condition more effectively and sustain a healthier lifestyle, which could ultimately lead to improved disease outcomes.

HIV/AIDS is a disease associated with stigma and discrimination. This can hinder the adoption of preventive and treatment methods, especially in vulnerable populations, such as the transgender community.

Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs), based in Emergency Departments (EDs), have been proposed as a public health response to violence. These programs address the underlying reasons why patients are exposed to violence. In addressing any underlying modifiable risks and vulnerabilities HVIPs can reduce patients’ exposure to violence and therefore subsequent unplanned attendance into ED.