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Antibiotic Prescribing by Digital Health Care Providers as Compared to Traditional Primary Health Care Providers: Cohort Study Using Register Data

Antibiotic Prescribing by Digital Health Care Providers as Compared to Traditional Primary Health Care Providers: Cohort Study Using Register Data

The Strategy Group for Rational Antibiotic Use and Reduced Antibiotic Resistance (Strama) aims to counteract antibiotic resistance in Sweden by providing recommendations for the treatment of common infections [9] and has accordingly suggested quality indicators for internet-PHC prescribing for common infection diagnoses [9].

Andy Wallman, Kurt Svärdsudd, Kent Bobits, Thorne Wallman

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e55228

Barriers to Implementing Registered Nurse–Driven Clinical Decision Support for Antibiotic Stewardship: Retrospective Case Study

Barriers to Implementing Registered Nurse–Driven Clinical Decision Support for Antibiotic Stewardship: Retrospective Case Study

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health risk, with more than 35,000 deaths each year in the United States due to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections [1,2]. Overprescribing and misuse of antibiotics for upper respiratory infections (URIs) remain the most significant combined factors causing antibiotic resistance [3,4]. In the United States, up to 50% of all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for URIs are inappropriate [5,6].

Elizabeth R Stevens, Lynn Xu, JaeEun Kwon, Sumaiya Tasneem, Natalie Henning, Dawn Feldthouse, Eun Ji Kim, Rachel Hess, Katherine L Dauber-Decker, Paul D Smith, Wendy Halm, Pranisha Gautam-Goyal, David A Feldstein, Devin M Mann

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54996

N-of-1 Trials of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions to Optimize Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Emergency Departments: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study

N-of-1 Trials of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions to Optimize Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Emergency Departments: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study

However, inappropriate antibiotic use has driven a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance, and with the drying up of the pipeline of new antibiotics, a postantibiotic era is imminent [2-4]. Hence, there is a need to reduce antibiotic use by changing physicians’ antibiotic prescribing practices and reducing patient demand through antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs).

Hersh Attal, Zhilian Huang, Win Sen Kuan, Yanyi Weng, Hann Yee Tan, Eillyne Seow, Li Lee Peng, Hoon Chin Lim, Angela Chow

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e50417

Internet Tool to Support Self-Assessment and Self-Swabbing of Sore Throat: Development and Feasibility Study

Internet Tool to Support Self-Assessment and Self-Swabbing of Sore Throat: Development and Feasibility Study

Sore throat is a common reason for patients to present in primary care and is thought to result in more inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions than any other condition [1]. An average-sized UK general practice, with a practice population size of 7000, has an estimated 548 consultations per year for sore throat, and over half of these will result in an antibiotic prescription [2,3].

Mark Lown, Kirsten A Smith, Ingrid Muller, Catherine Woods, Emma Maund, Kirsty Rogers, Taeko Becque, Gail Hayward, Michael Moore, Paul Little, Margaret Glogowska, Alastair Hay, Beth Stuart, Efi Mantzourani, Christopher R Wilcox, Natalie Thompson, Nick A Francis

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e39791

Long-Term Impact of a Smartphone App on Prescriber Adherence to Antibiotic Guidelines for Adult Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Interrupted Time-Series Study

Long-Term Impact of a Smartphone App on Prescriber Adherence to Antibiotic Guidelines for Adult Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Interrupted Time-Series Study

Antibiotic stewardship programs in hospitals and community clinics strive to improve rates of appropriate antibiotic prescribing through a wide variety of methods (from clinical decision support tools to educational sessions) both to optimize the treatment of patients with bacterial infections and to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing [1].

Chang Ho Yoon, Imogen Nolan, Gayl Humphrey, Eamon J Duffy, Mark G Thomas, Stephen R Ritchie

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e42978

Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and the Quantification of Antibiotics in Drinking Water Treatment Plants of Malaysia: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and the Quantification of Antibiotics in Drinking Water Treatment Plants of Malaysia: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

Tracking of the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms provides insights into the transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains and resistance genes from humans or animals to the environmental reservoir and back to human use and consumption [4,5]. Studies have suggested that aquatic systems such as drinking water sources [6], wastewater effluents [7], and wastewater discharge from hospitals act as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant microorganisms [8].

Zuraifah Asrah Mohamad, Sophia Karen Bakon, Mohd Azerulazree Jamilan Jamilan, Norhafizan Daud, Lena Ciric, Norazah Ahmad, Nor Asiah Muhamad

JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(11):e37663

Implementation of the World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in Uganda, 2015-2020: Mixed-Methods Study Using National Surveillance Data

Implementation of the World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in Uganda, 2015-2020: Mixed-Methods Study Using National Surveillance Data

This informs appropriate antibiotic use, development of antimicrobial stewardship programs, and strengthening of infection prevention and control practices as top priorities. Notably, through an ongoing sentinel surveillance program, microbiology capacity has been enhanced in selected RRHs that contribute significantly toward bacterial ID and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in Uganda [9].

Susan Nabadda, Francis Kakooza, Reuben Kiggundu, Richard Walwema, Joel Bazira, Jonathan Mayito, Ibrahimm Mugerwa, Musa Sekamatte, Andrew Kambugu, Mohammed Lamorde, Henry Kajumbula, Henry Mwebasa

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021;7(10):e29954

A Web Interface for Antibiotic Prescription Recommendations in Primary Care: User-Centered Design Approach

A Web Interface for Antibiotic Prescription Recommendations in Primary Care: User-Centered Design Approach

Antibiotic misuse is a serious public health problem worldwide [1,2]. It exposes patients to the risk of adverse effects and complications, including death [3,4], as well as bacterial resistance [5]. Most antibiotic prescriptions are made in primary care settings.

Ronni Madar, Adrien Ugon, Damir Ivanković, Rosy Tsopra

J Med Internet Res 2021;23(6):e25741

Impact of Remote Consultations on Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Health Care: Systematic Review

Impact of Remote Consultations on Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Health Care: Systematic Review

Evidence for the impact of remote consultations on antibiotic prescribing in primary care is currently unclear. Given the growing international adoption of remote consultations into primary care, which has intensified during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, any impact of remote consultations on antibiotic prescribing needs to be properly understood. This study aims to summarize the impact of remote consultations on primary care antibiotic prescribing.

Seung Min Han, Geva Greenfield, Azeem Majeed, Benedict Hayhoe

J Med Internet Res 2020;22(11):e23482