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Skip search results from other journals and go to results- 7 JMIR Research Protocols
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The majority of antibiotics in Australia are prescribed in general practice (family practice). Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in outpatient settings, especially in primary care or general practice, is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance [3]. Therefore, antibiotic stewardship in general practice is vital.
In 2022, overall 36.6% of Australians were prescribed at least one antibiotic in the community [2].
J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e60831
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Moreover, studies often rely on short-term prescription history prior to disease onset, which may result in issues of reverse causality (if antibiotics were prescribed to treat early symptoms of the disease itself) [24,25]. Further, studies have often focused on only one specific class of antibiotics without considering the full spectrum of antibiotics used [25].
JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e66184
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Our experimental model for the nonadherent behavior in patients taking antibiotics was inspired by the conceptual approach developed by Kessler and Roth [20]. They used an abstract experimental interaction to model the effectiveness of the priority rule in increasing the registration of organ donors. An organ allocation policy that prioritizes registered donors on waiting lists was found to significantly boost donor registration.
JMIR Serious Games 2024;12:e47141
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Antibiotics with the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes J01 A-J01 X were prescribed for all purposes during 11,609 of 124,398 (9.3%) physical-PHC appointments (Table 3) as compared with 2201 of 35,840 (6.14%) internet-PHC appointments. The most common class of antibiotics prescribed was J01 C for both men and women.
J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e55228
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Moreover, specific classes of antibiotics were categorized based on the spectrum of action (ie, narrow and broad-spectrum antibiotics) and independent assessment (ie, penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and others; Table S2 in Multimedia Appendix 1) [22].
JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e51734
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Overprescribing and misuse of antibiotics for upper respiratory infections (URIs) remain the most significant combined factors causing antibiotic resistance [3,4]. In the United States, up to 50% of all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for URIs are inappropriate [5,6].
An estimated 80%-90% of antibiotic prescribing occurs in outpatient settings, such as doctors’ offices, urgent care facilities, and emergency departments [7-9].
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54996
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The discovery of antibiotics is among the most important public health achievements in the 20th century [1]. However, inappropriate antibiotic use has driven a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance, and with the drying up of the pipeline of new antibiotics, a postantibiotic era is imminent [2-4]. Hence, there is a need to reduce antibiotic use by changing physicians’ antibiotic prescribing practices and reducing patient demand through antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs).
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e50417
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Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health challenge, which has been accelerated by the overuse of antibiotics and is the cause of severe infections, complications, longer hospital stays, and increased mortality [4]. Unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics is also associated with an increased risk of adverse effects, more frequent reattendance in primary care and increased medicalization of self-limiting conditions [4].
J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e39791
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Based on the prominent bacterial species possibly found in common cellulitis infections such as beta-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci, gram-positive antibiotics covering these organisms have been the empiric drug of choice [3,4]. However, a wide range and different classes of antibiotics are available to fill this demand, and there have been no cohesive guidelines for standardization.
JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e48342
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Guidelines established by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommend systemic antibiotics as first-line treatment for mild, moderate, and severe inflammatory acne, in combination with topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide [1]. Monotherapy with systemic antibiotics is not recommended, and it is suggested that patients be re-evaluated every 3 to 4 months to limit antibiotic use to the shortest duration possible to avoid bacterial resistance [1].
JMIR Dermatol 2023;6:e42883
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