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Epidemiological Characteristics of Intestinal Protozoal Infections and Their Risk Factors in Malaysia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

Epidemiological Characteristics of Intestinal Protozoal Infections and Their Risk Factors in Malaysia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

There can be multiple infectious agents that can cause acute gastroenteritis, and contamination may come from food, water, the environment, or animals. Therefore, it is difficult to make accurate and fast reports via epidemiological analysis [6,7]. The primary method for detecting intestinal protozoa is the microscopic analysis of stool samples, which is laborious and requires specialized personnel.

Nor Shazlina Mizan, Hassanain Al-Talib, Seok Mui Wang

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e66350

Predicting Norovirus in England Using Existing and Emerging Syndromic Data: Infodemiology Study

Predicting Norovirus in England Using Existing and Emerging Syndromic Data: Infodemiology Study

Norovirus is the most prevalent agent causing intestinal infection, associated with approximately 18% of cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide [1]. This highly contagious pathogen is mostly transmitted from person-to-person [2] but can also spread via contaminated surfaces [3,4]. Outbreaks of norovirus commonly occur in enclosed settings and can be particularly disruptive in health care context, such as hospitals and care homes [5].

Nikola Ondrikova, John P Harris, Amy Douglas, Helen E Hughes, Miren Iturriza-Gomara, Roberto Vivancos, Alex J Elliot, Nigel A Cunliffe, Helen E Clough

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e37540

Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing Mandates on Gastrointestinal Pathogen Positivity: Secondary Data Analysis

Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing Mandates on Gastrointestinal Pathogen Positivity: Secondary Data Analysis

The GI Panel is a widely deployed rapid PCR test, typically used in the hospital setting, designed to detect the most common pathogens associated with gastroenteritis [19]. To test on the GI panel, stool specimens are collected in Cary Blair transport medium from patients with gastroenteritis, and they are tested for 22 targets including bacteria, viruses, and parasites [19]. Three target organisms were chosen for this study: adenovirus F40 and 41, norovirus GI and GII, and Escherichia coli O157.

Tanner Palmer, L Scott Benson, Christina Porucznik, Lisa H Gren

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022;8(8):e34757

Conurbation, Urban, and Rural Living as Determinants of Allergies and Infectious Diseases: Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre Annual Report 2016-2017

Conurbation, Urban, and Rural Living as Determinants of Allergies and Infectious Diseases: Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre Annual Report 2016-2017

Much less is known about the impact of conurbation, urban, and rural living on upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), gastroenteritis, or urinary tract infection (UTI). The UK Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is one of the oldest sentinel networks and is in its 50th season of reporting infections and respiratory conditions [14,15]. This is a long-standing collaboration with Public Health England [16,17].

Simon de Lusignan, Christopher McGee, Rebecca Webb, Mark Joy, Rachel Byford, Ivelina Yonova, Mariya Hriskova, Filipa Matos Ferreira, Alex J Elliot, Gillian Smith, Imran Rafi

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018;4(4):e11354

An Ontology to Improve Transparency in Case Definition and Increase Case Finding of Infectious Intestinal Disease:  Database Study in English General Practice

An Ontology to Improve Transparency in Case Definition and Increase Case Finding of Infectious Intestinal Disease: Database Study in English General Practice

Published variations may also be caused by imprecise or interchangeable use of the terms such as “diarrheal disease,” “acute infectious gastroenteritis” and “IID” and differing methods for describing cases, underscoring the importance of transparency when defining the disease [6,15]. The more general term “diarrheal disease” is used by the WHO and others in international public health as a symptom-based definition: infectious diarrhea and/or vomiting [6,11,16,17].

Simon de Lusignan, Stacy Shinneman, Ivelina Yonova, Jeremy van Vlymen, Alex J Elliot, Frederick Bolton, Gillian E Smith, Sarah O'Brien

JMIR Med Inform 2017;5(3):e34