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Epidemiological Characteristics of Intestinal Protozoal Infections and Their Risk Factors in Malaysia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

Epidemiological Characteristics of Intestinal Protozoal Infections and Their Risk Factors in Malaysia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

Addressing sanitation and hygiene is crucial in prevention efforts. In Malaysia, helminths and protozoa are the most common types of parasites causing diarrheal diseases. Diarrheal diseases are the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years, with a mortality rate of 0.8% in 2019 [14]. The occurrence and wide distribution of intestinal protozoal infections in Malaysia represent significant events in the epidemiology of infectious diseases.

Nor Shazlina Mizan, Hassanain Al-Talib, Seok Mui Wang

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e66350

Association of Child Growth Failure Indicators With Household Sanitation Practices in India (1998-2021): Spatiotemporal Observational Study

Association of Child Growth Failure Indicators With Household Sanitation Practices in India (1998-2021): Spatiotemporal Observational Study

Figures 7-9 represent the bivariate LISA maps showing associations of stunting, wasting, and underweight with sanitation, respectively. For stunting and unimproved sanitation facilities, the hotspots are in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Meghalaya. Regarding wasting and sanitation, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh are the hotspot areas.

Lovely Jain, Sreya Pradhan, Arun Aggarwal, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Ramaiah Itumalla, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Shilpa Gaidhane, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos, Khalid AL-Mugheed, Tahani Alrahbeni, Neelima Kukreti, Prakasini Satapathy, Sarvesh Rustagi, Petra Heidler, Roy Rillera Marzo

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e41567

Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh

Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh

Nevertheless, the implementation of vaccination programs alone will not be enough to effectively control and eliminate the transmission of typhoid fever, particularly in urban slum areas where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and practices are inadequate [7]. The primary mode of transmission for Salmonella Typhi is through the fecal-oral route via consumption of food and water that has been contaminated [2].

Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Farhana Khanam, Faisal Ahmmed, Xinxue Liu, Md Taufiqul Islam, Deok Ryun Kim, Sophie SY Kang, Justin Im, Fahima Chowdhury, Tasnuva Ahmed, Asma Binte Aziz, Masuma Hoque, Juyeon Park, Gideok Pak, Hyon Jin Jeon, Khalequ Zaman, Ashraful Islam Khan, Jerome H Kim, Florian Marks, Firdausi Qadri, John D Clemens

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023;9:e41207

Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and the Quantification of Antibiotics in Drinking Water Treatment Plants of Malaysia: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and the Quantification of Antibiotics in Drinking Water Treatment Plants of Malaysia: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has listed “Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation” as one of its 17 sustainable development goals to stimulate actions between 2016 and 2030 in areas of critical importance [1]. A few published studies in Malaysia have reported the presence of pharmaceutical residues from surface water in Malaysia.

Zuraifah Asrah Mohamad, Sophia Karen Bakon, Mohd Azerulazree Jamilan Jamilan, Norhafizan Daud, Lena Ciric, Norazah Ahmad, Nor Asiah Muhamad

JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(11):e37663

Influence of Maternal Exposure to Mass Media on Growth Stunting Among Children Under Five: Mediation Analysis Through the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program

Influence of Maternal Exposure to Mass Media on Growth Stunting Among Children Under Five: Mediation Analysis Through the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program

Safe water sources and improved hygiene through good handwashing practices are the primary components of the WHO Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) program, which is a primary health service initiative to provide access to healthy and safe water, and sanitation facilities including soap and water for proper handwashing [7].

Shutong Huo, Kai Wang, Zongchao Liu, Yuao Yang, Jia Yi Hee, Qiwei He, Rie Takesue, Kun Tang

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022;8(4):e33394

Norms and Social Network–Centric Behavior Change Intervention (Nam Nalavazhvu) for Improved Toilet Usage in Peri-Urban Communities of Tamil Nadu: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Norms and Social Network–Centric Behavior Change Intervention (Nam Nalavazhvu) for Improved Toilet Usage in Peri-Urban Communities of Tamil Nadu: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Prior studies have not explored norm-based intervention techniques specifically designed to change empirical expectations of sanitation behaviors in low-income communities. Findings from this multilevel intervention can be used to adapt them for other communities to shift norms around toilet use. There is limited evidence on whether intervening upon empirical expectations of others’ sanitation behaviors can lead to the emergence of normative expectations of toilet use.

Sania Ashraf, Cristina Bicchieri, Maryann G Delea, Upasak Das, Kavita Chauhan, Jinyi Kuang, Alex Shpenev, Erik Thulin

JMIR Res Protoc 2021;10(5):e24407