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Skip search results from other journals and go to results- 6 Journal of Medical Internet Research
- 5 JMIR mHealth and uHealth
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- 1 JMIR Medical Informatics
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The multifaceted nature of tinnitus, risk factors, and the purely subjective evaluation and accompanying comorbidities make the treatment challenging [2,3]. Highly diverse treatment options have been developed, which may, however, be effective only in a certain subset of patients [4-7]. Treatment may also target not tinnitus itself but comorbidities (eg, hearing loss, depression) with secondary beneficial effects on the patients’ tinnitus [8,9].
J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e59575
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Tinnitus masking and tinnitus retraining therapy are the 2 most commonly used unmodulated strategies, and their ultimate goal is to help patients with tinnitus become accustomed to tinnitus, attenuating excessive attention to it and thus reducing the tinnitus-related negative emotions [14-17].
J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e60150
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The treatment of tinnitus is also challenging [10]. Tinnitus should be managed using neurophysiological methods such as tinnitus retraining therapy—a combination of cognitive directive counseling and sound therapy, hearing aids, and white-noise generators. However, this retraining therapy also fails in 30%-40% of the patients [11]. A recent systematic review recommended that incorporating conventional or complementary and alternative therapies for treating mild cognitive impairment will be beneficial [12].
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e55089
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Consequently, achieving a high tinnitus diagnostic accuracy becomes difficult. Therefore, tinnitus diagnosis remains an urgent issue requiring further exploration and resolution by medical researchers.
Previous studies have focused on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to assist doctors in diagnosing tinnitus and improving diagnostic accuracy. Liu et al [7] proposed a meta-learning method based on lateral perception for cross–data set tinnitus diagnosis.
JMIR Med Inform 2024;12:e57678
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According to a systematic literature review, approximately 8% of individuals with COVID-19 reported experiencing tinnitus [4].
Tinnitus is characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of an external sound source [5], and individuals with tinnitus may experience buzzing, ringing, or hissing sounds. It is one of the most prevalent inner ear disorders worldwide, affecting 5% to 43% of adults [6].
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54326
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The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery defines tinnitus as “a sound perceived by the patient in the absence of an external sound source” [1]. Several studies have shown that the worldwide prevalence rate of tinnitus ranges from 5.1% to 42.7% [2]. Xu et al [3] showed that 9.6% of the global adult population has experienced tinnitus in the past 12 months. Of these, 36% had persistent tinnitus, and 27% had tinnitus for >15 years.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023;11:e47553
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Effectiveness of Telerehabilitation Interventions for Self-management of Tinnitus: Systematic Review
Most patients with tinnitus have chronic subjective tinnitus, that is, they have experienced tinnitus for ≥6 months, and the tinnitus sound is a phantom sensation of sound without the presence of a physical sound source and is hypothesized to be owing to abnormal neural activity [6-8]. The underlying cause of tinnitus varies widely and can be of an auditory as well as a nonauditory nature [9,10]. Consequently, there is also great variance in the clinical presentation.
J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e39076
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The Treatment Outcome of Smart Device–Based Tinnitus Retraining Therapy: Prospective Cohort Study
Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is a habituation therapy that can alleviate tinnitus-induced distress by means of directive counseling and sound therapy [1,2]. Despite the various attempts to cure tinnitus, currently there is no treatment that can completely eliminate tinnitus. Psychological and behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy and TRT have been applied as alternatives.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023;11:e38986
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Experts dealing with tinnitus most often recommend sound therapy, which is the use of additional background sounds to change the patient’s reaction to tinnitus [10]. Sound therapy does not cure the condition, but may significantly lower its severity, reducing the level of distress or impact that tinnitus has on the individual [10]. The chronic nature of tinnitus often prompts patients to use various forms of self-help [10,12].
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022;10(4):e33543
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Tinnitus is a condition characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of an external stimulus. It is highly prevalent, with at least 10% of Americans experiencing some form of tinnitus, of which a proportion have chronic burdensome or debilitating tinnitus [1]. Bothersome tinnitus causes various functional impairments in sleep, concentration, cognitive performance, and thought processing [2,3].
J Med Internet Res 2022;24(2):e27584
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