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Jargon and Readability in Plain Language Summaries of Health Research: Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Jargon and Readability in Plain Language Summaries of Health Research: Cross-Sectional Observational Study

We measured readability using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formula. The FRE is often used in analyzing written health information [27] as well as other scientific texts [28,29] and is based on the idea that longer words and longer sentences make a text less readable. Each text is given a score that gets lower in proportion to the number of longer words and sentences used, so a higher score indicates a text that is easier to read.

Iain A Lang, Angela King, Kate Boddy, Ken Stein, Lauren Asare, Jo Day, Kristin Liabo

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e50862

Effect of Reading Rehabilitation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Cognitive Functioning: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Pre-Post Intervention Study

Effect of Reading Rehabilitation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Cognitive Functioning: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Pre-Post Intervention Study

However, there are also a variety of observable variables that can be used as indicators of reduced reading effort. They include improved reading speed (eg, reading becomes faster as it becomes easier) and improved reading comprehension (eg, less effort liberates cognitive resources for processing and retention [33]).

Walter Wittich, M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Aaron Johnson, Sven Joubert, Eva Kehayia, Vanessa Bachir, Gabrielle Aubin, Atul Jaiswal, Natalie Phillips

JMIR Res Protoc 2021;10(3):e19931

Tablet-Based Apps for Phonics and Phonological Awareness: Protocol for Evidence-Based Appraisal of Content, Quality, and Usability

Tablet-Based Apps for Phonics and Phonological Awareness: Protocol for Evidence-Based Appraisal of Content, Quality, and Usability

Worldwide, up to 40% of all children experience reading difficulties [8] potentially associated with limited early language and literacy experiences, home background [9], long absences from school [10], low socioeconomic status [11], and ineffective instruction at school [12,13]. Some children with reading difficulties have dyslexia, a specific learning disorder with impairment in word decoding, due to congenital and neurobiological differences [14].

Lisa Marie Furlong, Tanya Serry, Shane Erickson, Meg E Morris

JMIR Res Protoc 2021;10(2):e23921

Usability of a Mobile App for Improving Literacy in Children With Hearing Impairment: Focus Group Study

Usability of a Mobile App for Improving Literacy in Children With Hearing Impairment: Focus Group Study

Historically, the reading skills of deaf children have been poor, with graduating teenager reading scores comparable with first- to fourth-grade reading level [3-5]. Infants with hearing loss can now be identified at birth and fit with hearing aids and cochlear implants early in life, allowing them to have greater access to sound and improved oral language abilities [6-9].

Shelly DeForte, Emre Sezgin, Janelle Huefner, Shana Lucius, John Luna, Anand A Satyapriya, Prashant Malhotra

JMIR Hum Factors 2020;7(2):e16310