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Large Language Models for Thematic Summarization in Qualitative Health Care Research: Comparative Analysis of Model and Human Performance

Large Language Models for Thematic Summarization in Qualitative Health Care Research: Comparative Analysis of Model and Human Performance

LLM provided results on alignment and convergence that we compare with the human evaluation of agreement. The results are displayed in Table 3. Analysis of alignment (theme level) and convergence (subtheme level). a Expectation is “aligned” for items in the agreement scale. b Expectation is “convergent” in the agreement scale. c Expectation is “misaligned” in the agreement scale. d Expectation is “divergent” in the agreement scale.

Arturo Castellanos, Haoqiang Jiang, Paulo Gomes, Debra Vander Meer, Alfred Castillo

JMIR AI 2025;4:e64447

Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Alert-Based Remote Monitoring–First Care for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: Semistructured Interview Study Within the Veterans Health Administration

Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Alert-Based Remote Monitoring–First Care for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: Semistructured Interview Study Within the Veterans Health Administration

To understand barriers and facilitators to implementation, we conducted a mixed methods evaluation to explore the perspectives of device clinicians and veterans with CIEDs on an RM-first care model. One semistructured interview guide for veteran patients and one for clinicians (Multimedia Appendix 1) was developed by the investigator team using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research [14].

Allison Kratka, Thomas L Rotering, Scott Munson, Merritt H Raitt, Mary A Whooley, Sanket S Dhruva

JMIR Cardio 2025;9:e66215

Mobile Apps and Wearable Devices for Cardiovascular Health: Narrative Review

Mobile Apps and Wearable Devices for Cardiovascular Health: Narrative Review

Follow-up testing confirmed AFib in 227 out of 262 users, demonstrating that wearables can effectively alert users to potential AFib, prompting timely medical evaluation and early diagnosis. A systematic review of interventions using smartwatches revealed favorable outcomes across various health aspects including improvements in lifestyle changes, medication adherence, reduction in unplanned hospital readmissions, enhanced AFib diagnosis, and better adherence to self-monitoring practices [13].

Gauri Kumari Chauhan, Patrick Vavken, Christine Jacob

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e65782

Using a Hybrid of AI and Template-Based Method in Automatic Item Generation to Create Multiple-Choice Questions in Medical Education: Hybrid AIG

Using a Hybrid of AI and Template-Based Method in Automatic Item Generation to Create Multiple-Choice Questions in Medical Education: Hybrid AIG

38: Assessing the potential of GPT-4 to perpetuate racial and gender biases in health care: a model evaluationDevelopment and Evaluation of Research Methods, Instruments and Tools

Yavuz Selim Kıyak, Andrzej A Kononowicz

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e65726

Effect of Home-Based Virtual Reality Training on Upper Extremity Recovery in Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review

Effect of Home-Based Virtual Reality Training on Upper Extremity Recovery in Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review

Stroke was defined as a neurological deficit resulting from an acute vascular event in the central nervous system (ie, brain, retina, or spinal cord) with a vascular cause, typically diagnosed through clinical evaluation and neuroimaging, including computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging [22]. Upper extremity dysfunction was defined as any impairment in arm or hand function following a stroke, regardless of severity.

Jiaqi Huang, Yixi Wei, Ping Zhou, Xiaokuo He, Hai Li, Xijun Wei

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e69003

Modernizing the Staging of Parkinson Disease Using Digital Health Technology

Modernizing the Staging of Parkinson Disease Using Digital Health Technology

Screening assessment tools, which include the Mini-Mental State Examination [16] and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [17], provide a quick general assessment of an individual with suspected neurocognitive impairment and identify areas needing further comprehensive evaluation. These assessments focus on a range of neurocognitive functions.

John Michael Templeton, Christian Poellabauer, Sandra Schneider, Morteza Rahimi, Taofeek Braimoh, Fhaheem Tadamarry, Jason Margolesky, Shanna Burke, Zeina Al Masry

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63105

The Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review

The Role of AI in Nursing Education and Practice: Umbrella Review

The eligibility criteria for this umbrella review were defined using the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type (SPIDER) tool [23], as detailed in Textbox 1. These criteria were established to capture a broad spectrum of review types that synthesize existing evidence on the integration of AI into nursing practice and education, with a focus on ethical and social implications.

Rabie Adel El Arab, Omayma Abdulaziz Al Moosa, Fuad H Abuadas, Joel Somerville

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e69881

Psychological Factors Influencing Appropriate Reliance on AI-enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Experimental Web-Based Study Among Dermatologists

Psychological Factors Influencing Appropriate Reliance on AI-enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Experimental Web-Based Study Among Dermatologists

These differences may be due to several factors, such as the expertise of medical professionals, which encourages a more critical evaluation of AI recommendations; the increased risk associated with their decisions, which reinforces the importance of cautious reliance; and, as evidenced by a lower mean subjective trust score, a general tendency to place less trust in the AI system.

Alisa Küper, Georg Christian Lodde, Elisabeth Livingstone, Dirk Schadendorf, Nicole Krämer

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e58660

Virtual Patients Using Large Language Models: Scalable, Contextualized Simulation of Clinician-Patient Dialogue With Feedback

Virtual Patients Using Large Language Models: Scalable, Contextualized Simulation of Clinician-Patient Dialogue With Feedback

We conducted an intrinsic evaluation study (ie, a study that evaluates the quality of computer-generated outputs on specific predefined tasks, rather than real-world learners or tasks), rating the quality of 60 conversations (ie, the combination of VP-clinician dialogue and LLM-generated performance feedback) between an LLM-powered VP and a clinician. We created 3 novel instruments to rate dialogue authenticity and feedback quality. Three physicians and GPT rated all conversations.

David A Cook, Joshua Overgaard, V Shane Pankratz, Guilherme Del Fiol, Chris A Aakre

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e68486