Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Knee Osteoarthritis Pain in Elderly Subjects With Defective Endogenous Pain-Inhibitory Systems: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Daniela Regina Brandao Tavares   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Jane Erika Frazao Okazaki   ^{1, 2} , MD, MSc ;   Aline Pereira Rocha   ¹ , MSc ;   Marcia Valeria De Andrade Santana   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto   ^{1, 3} , MSc ;   Vinicius Tassoni Civile   ^{1, 4} , BPhysio (Hons) ;   Fania Cristina Santos   ² , MSc, MD, PhD ;   Felipe Fregni   ⁵ , MSc, MPH, MD, PhD ;   Virginia Fernandes Moça Trevisani   ^{1, 6} , MSc, MD, PhD

¹ Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Brazilian Cochrane Centre, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

² Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

³ Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Amapá, Brazil

⁴ Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

⁵ Laboratory of Neuromodulation & Center for Clinical Research Learning, Physics and Rehabilitation Department, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

⁶ Department of Rheumatology, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil