Effective Treatment Strategies for the Removal of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Antibiotic-Resistance Genes, and Antibiotic Residues in the Effluent From Wastewater Treatment Plants Receiving Municipal, Hospital, and Domestic Wastewater: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Mahbub-Ul Alam   ¹ , MPH ;   Sharika Ferdous   ¹ , BSc ;   Ayse Ercumen   ² , PhD ;   Audrie Lin   ³ , PhD ;   Abul Kamal   ¹ , MCR ;   Sharmin Khan Luies   ¹ , MPH ;   Fazle Sharior   ¹ , MS ;   Rizwana Khan   ¹ , MPH ;   Md Ziaur Rahman   ¹ , MPH ;   Sarker Masud Parvez   ¹ , MPH ;   Nuhu Amin   ¹ , MPH ;   Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse   ⁴ , PhD ;   Niharu Akter Moushomi   ¹ , MSc ;   Rezaul Hasan   ¹ , MPS ;   Neelam Taneja   ⁵ , PhD ;   Mohammad Aminul Islam   ⁶ , PhD ;   Mahbubur Rahman   ¹ , MBBS

¹ Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Disease Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh

² North Carolina State University, North Carolina, NC, United States

³ University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States

⁴ Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia

⁵ Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

⁶ Washington State University, Washington, WA, United States