Virtual Reality–Augmented Physiotherapy for Chronic Pain in Youth: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Enhanced With a Single-Case Experimental Design

Laura E Simons   ¹ , PhD ;   Courtney W Hess   ¹ , PhD ;   Ellison S Choate   ¹ , BS ;   Amanda R Van Orden   ¹ , BA ;   Alexandra G Tremblay-McGaw   ¹ , BA ;   Maria Menendez   ¹ , MD ;   Derek B Boothroyd   ² , PhD ;   Gomathy Parvathinathan   ² , MS ;   Anya Griffin   ¹ , PhD ;   Thomas J Caruso   ¹ , MD, MEd ;   Jennifer Stinson   ^{3, 4} , RN-EC, PhD ;   Amy Weisman   ⁵ , PT, DPT ;   Timothy Liu   ⁵ , PT, DPT ;   Kurt Koeppen   ⁶ , PT

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States

² Quantitative Statistical Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States

³ Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁴ The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁵ Department of Rehabilitation, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States

⁶ California Rehabilitation & Sports Therapy, Palo Alto, CA, United States