Published on in Vol 12 (2023)

This is a member publication of University of Cambridge (Jisc)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/46809, first published .

Irina Sangeorzan   1 , MSc ;   Grazia Antonacci   2, 3 , PhD ;   Anne Martin   4 , BA ;   Ben Grodzinski   5 , BA, MB, BChir ;   Carl M Zipser   6 , MD ;   Rory K J Murphy   7 , MD ;   Panoraia Andriopoulou   8 , PhD ;   Chad E Cook   9, 10, 11, 12 , PT, PhD ;   David B Anderson   13 , PT, PhD ;   James Guest   14 , MD, PhD ;   Julio C Furlan   15, 16 , LLB, MBA, MSc, MD, PhD ;   Mark R N Kotter   1, 17 , MD, PhD ;   Timothy F Boerger   18 , PhD, ATC ;   Iwan Sadler   1 ;   Elizabeth A Roberts   1 , MA, MSc ;   Helen Wood   1 , LLB, MA ;   Christine Fraser   19, 20 , MSc ;   Michael G Fehlings   21, 22 , MD, PhD ;   Vishal Kumar   23, 24 , MBBS, MS (Orth- PGI), DNB (MAMS), MNASc, Dip. SICOT ;   Josephine Jung   25, 26 , MD, PhD ;   James Milligan   27 , MD, CCFP ;   Aria Nouri   28 , MD, MSc ;   Allan R Martin   29 , MD, PhD ;   Tammy Blizzard   1 , DVM ;   Luiz Roberto Vialle   30 , MD, PhD ;   Lindsay Tetreault   31 , MD, PhD ;   Sukhvinder Kalsi-Ryan   16, 32 , BScPT, MSc, PhD ;   Anna MacDowall   33 , MD, PhD ;   Esther Martin-Moore   1 ;   Martin Burwood   1 ;   Lianne Wood   34, 35 , BScPT, MSc, PhD ;   Abdul Lalkhen   36 , MB ChB, MSc ;   Manabu Ito   37 , MD, PhD ;   Nicky Wilson   38 , MSc, PhD ;   Caroline Treanor   39, 40, 41 , BSc, MSc, PT ;   Sheila Dugan   1 ;   Benjamin M Davies   1, 17 , MBChB(Hons), MPhil, MRCS

1 Myelopathy.org, Cambridge, United Kingdom

2 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Northwest London, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

3 Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation (CHEPI), Business School, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

4 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom

5 University Hospitals Sussex, NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom

6 Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

7 Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States

8 Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

9 Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, CA, United States

10 Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, CA, United States

11 Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, CA, United States

12 Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, CA, United States

13 Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

14 The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States

15 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

16 The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

17 Department of Clinical Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

18 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

19 Department of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom

20 Physiotherapy Department, National Health Service Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

21 Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

22 Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

23 Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

24 Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India

25 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom

26 Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

27 Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

28 Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

29 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States

30 School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

31 Department of Neurology, New York University, New York, NY, United States

32 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

33 Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University and Department of Orthopaedics, The Academic Hospital of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden

34 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

35 NeuroSpinal Assessment Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom

36 Northern Care Alliance, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

37 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan

38 Physiotherapy Department, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

39 Department of Physiotherapy, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

40 Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

41 School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

Corresponding Author:

  • Benjamin M Davies, MBChB(Hons), MPhil, MRCS
  • Department of Clinical Neurosurgery
  • University of Cambridge
  • Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus
  • Addenbrooke’s Hospital
  • Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
  • United Kingdom
  • Phone: 44 7766 692608
  • Email: bd375@cam.ac.uk