N-of-1 Trials of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions to Optimize Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Emergency Departments: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study

Hersh Attal   ^{1 *} , MBBS ;   Zhilian Huang   ^{2 *} , MPH, PhD ;   Win Sen Kuan   ^{3, 4} , MBBS, MRCS, MCI ;   Yanyi Weng   ⁵ , MBBS, MCEM ;   Hann Yee Tan   ⁶ , MBBS, MMed, MRCEM ;   Eillyne Seow   ⁶ , MBBS ;   Li Lee Peng   ^{3, 4} , MBBS, MPCP ;   Hoon Chin Lim   ¹ , MBBS, MRCS ;   Angela Chow   ^{2, 7, 8} , MBBS, MMed, MS, PhD

¹ Accident & Emergency Department, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

² Department of Preventive and Population Medicine, Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Analytics, and Knowledge, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

³ Department of Emergency Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

⁴ Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

⁵ Department of Emergency Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

⁶ Acute and Emergency Care Department, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

⁷ Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

⁸ Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

*these authors contributed equally