Improving Antibiotic Use in Nursing Homes by Infection Prevention and Control and Antibiotic Stewardship (IMAGINE): Protocol for a Before-and-After Intervention and Implementation Study

Ana García-Sangenís   ¹ , MSc ;   Daniela Modena   ¹ , PhD ;   Jette Nygaard Jensen   ² , PhD ;   Athina Chalkidou   ² , MSc ;   Valeria S Antsupova   ² , PhD ;   Tina Marloth   ² , MMS ;   Anna Marie Theut   ² , MD ;   Beatriz González López-Valcárcel   ³ , Prof Dr ;   Fabiana Raynal   ³ , MSc ;   Laura Vallejo-Torres   ³ , PhD ;   Jesper Lykkegaard   ⁴ , PhD ;   Malene Plejdrup Hansen   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Jens Søndergaard   ⁴ , Prof Dr Med ;   Jonas Kanstrup Olsen   ⁴ , MSc ;   Anders Munck   ⁴ , Dr med ;   András Balint   ^{6, 7} , Dr med ;   Ria Benko   ⁷ , Prof Dr ;   Davorina Petek   ⁸ , Prof Dr Med ;   Nina Sodja   ⁸ , Dr med ;   Anna Kowalczyk   ⁹ , MSPH ;   Maciej Godycki-Cwirko   ⁹ , Prof Dr Med ;   Helena Glasová   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Jozef Glasa   ¹⁰ , Prof Dr Med ;   Ruta Radzeviciene Jurgute   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Lina Jaruseviciene   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Christos Lionis   ¹² , Prof Dr Med ;   Marilena Anastasaki   ¹² , Dr med ;   Agapi Angelaki   ¹² , Dr med ;   Elena Petelos   ¹² , PhD ;   Laura Alvarez   ¹³ , MSc ;   Marta Ricart   ¹³ , MSc ;   Sergi Briones   ¹³ , MSc ;   Georg Ruppe   ¹⁴ , Prof Dr ;   Ramon Monfà   ¹ , MSc ;   Anders Bjerrum   ¹ , PhD ;   Carl Llor   ¹⁵ , PhD

¹ Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain

² Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark

³ Department of Quantitative Methods in Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

⁴ Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

⁵ Center for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

⁶ Szeged Autumns Nursing Home, Szeged, Hungary

⁷ University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

⁸ Department of Family Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

⁹ Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

¹⁰ Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia

¹¹ Family Medicine Department, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania

¹² Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

¹³ Spanish Society for Family and Community Medicine, Barcelona, Spain

¹⁴ European Union of Geriatric Medicine Society, Vienna, Austria

¹⁵ Institut Català de la Salut, Via Roma Health Centre, Barcelona, Spain