App-Based Smoking Urge Reduction Intervention for Young Adults: Protocol Combining a Microrandomized Trial and Conventional Between-Subject Randomized Trial

Johannes Thrul   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Janardan Devkota   ¹ , MSc, MPH, MScDS ;   Joseph J C Waring   ¹ , MPH ;   Michael R Desjardins   ^{2, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Josef Hamoud   ⁶ ;   Jasmin Han   ¹ , PhD ;   Felix Naughton   ⁷ , PhD ;   Vadim Zipunnikov   ⁸ , PhD ;   Tamar Mendelson   ¹ , PhD ;   Carl Latkin   ⁹ , PhD ;   David Epstein   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Meghan Moran   ⁹ , PhD

¹ Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

² Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

³ Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

⁵ Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

⁶ Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

⁷ Addiction Research Group, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

⁸ Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

⁹ Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States

¹⁰ Real-World Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States