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Published on in Vol 15 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/89550, first published .
Medical students practice patient care on a mannequin, guided by an instructor.

Challenges, Strategies, and Explanatory Mechanisms in Clinical Skills Remediation Programs in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Realist Review Protocol

Challenges, Strategies, and Explanatory Mechanisms in Clinical Skills Remediation Programs in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Realist Review Protocol

Muhamad Reza Utama   1 , MD, MHPE ;   Muhammad Anas   1 , MD, PhD ;   Yelvi Levani   1 , MD, MSc ;   Prattama Santoso Utomo   2 , MD, MHPed ;   Rachmadya Nur Hidayah   2 , MD, MSc, PhD ;   Fithriyah Cholifatul Ummah   3 , MD, MMedEd ;   Cecilia Felicia Chandra   3 , MD, MHPE ;   Yoyo Suhoyo   2 , MD, MMedEd, PhD ;   Ahmad Mochtar Jamil   1 , MD ;   Azhar Izha Fakhrussy   1 , MD

1 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

2 Faculty of Medicine Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

3 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

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