Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Acupuncture in Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for Two Linked Randomized Controlled Trials

Sean Mackey   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Gadi Gilam   ² , PhD ;   Beth Darnall   ¹ , PhD ;   Philippe Goldin   ³ , PhD ;   Jiang-Ti Kong   ¹ , MSc, MD ;   Christine Law   ¹ , PhD ;   Marissa Heirich   ¹ , BSc ;   Nicholas Karayannis   ¹ , PhD ;   Ming-Chih Kao   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Lu Tian   ⁴ , PhD ;   Rachel Manber   ⁵ , PhD ;   James Gross   ⁶ , PhD

¹ Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States

² The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

³ Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States

⁴ Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States

⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States

⁶ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States