Changes in Oral Health and Dental Esthetic in Smokers Switching to Combustion-Free Nicotine Alternatives: Protocol for a Multicenter and Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Gianluca Conte   ¹ , MSD ;   Sebastiano Antonio Pacino   ^{1, 2} , MSD ;   Salvatore Urso   ^{2, 3} , MSc ;   Doris Greiling   ⁴ , PhD ;   Pasquale Caponnetto   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Eugenio Pedullà   ^{5, 7} , DDS, PhD ;   Luigi Generali   ⁸ , DDS ;   Ugo Consolo   ⁸ , MD, DDS ;   Vittorio Checchi   ⁸ , DDS, PhD ;   Stefan Gospodaru   ⁹ , MSD ;   Gheorghe Bordeniuc   ⁹ , PhD ;   Valeriu Fala   ⁹ , SCD, PhD ;   Jan Kowalski   ¹⁰ , DDS, PhD ;   Maciej Nowak   ¹⁰ , DDS, PhD ;   Renata Górska   ¹⁰ , DDS, PhD ;   Amaliya Amaliya   ¹¹ , MSc, DDS ;   Iain Chapple   ¹² , BDS, CCST, PhD ;   Michael Milward   ¹² , BDS, PhD ;   Robert Maclure   ¹³ , BDS, BSc ;   Gianna Maria Nardi   ¹⁴ , DH ;   Riccardo Polosa   ¹⁵ , MD, PhD

¹ Addendo srl, Dental Clinic, Catania, Italy

² ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy

³ Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

⁴ Forschungsdock CRO GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany

⁵ Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

⁶ Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

⁷ Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

⁸ Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

⁹ Faladental, Chișinău, Moldova, Republic of

¹⁰ Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

¹¹ Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia

¹² Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

¹³ R Maclure Clinical Research Ltd, Irby, Wirral, United Kingdom

¹⁴ Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

¹⁵ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy