Normalization of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adults With Constipation With Daily Green Kiwifruit Consumption: Protocol for an Open-Label Intervention Study

Jasjot Maggo   ^{1, 2 *} , MMed, MPhil, PhD ;   Hwei Min Ng   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Simone Birgit Bayer   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Catherine L Wall   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Caroline L Hoad   ³ , PhD ;   Luca Marciani   ³ , PhD ;   Jane Mullaney   ^{2, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Diana Cabrera   ^{2, 6} , PhD ;   Karl Fraser   ^{2, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Janine M Cooney   ^{2, 7} , PhD ;   Catrin S Günther   ^{2, 7} , PhD ;   Tania Trower   ^{2, 7} , MSc ;   Jeffery Tang   ^{2, 8} , PhD ;   Olivier Gasser   ^{2, 8} , PhD ;   Amber Milan   ^{2, 9} , PhD ;   Warren C McNabb   ^{2, 5} , PhD ;   Robin Spiller   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Tamlin Conner   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Chris Frampton   ¹ , PhD ;   Meika Foster   ^{2, 5, 11} , PhD ;   Nicole C Roy   ^{2, 5, 12 †} , PhD ;   Richard B Gearry   ^{1, 2, 13} , MBChB, PhD

¹ Department of Medicine, Christchurch, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

² High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand

³ NIHR (National Institute for Health and Care Research) Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS (National Health Service) Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

⁴ Grasslands, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand

⁵ Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

⁶ Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand

⁷ Ruakura Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Hamilton, New Zealand

⁸ Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand

⁹ Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

¹⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

¹¹ Edible Research, Rangiora, New Zealand

¹² Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

¹³ Te Whatu Ora Waitaha, Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

*these authors contributed equally

†deceased