Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for the Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma in the Bladder and the Upper Urinary Tract: Protocols for Two Prospective Explorative Studies

Esmee IML Liem   ^{1 *} , MD, MSc ;   Jan Erik Freund   ^{1 *} , MD. ;   Joyce Baard   ¹ , MD. ;   D Martijn de Bruin   ^{1, 2} , MSc, PhD ;   M Pilar Laguna Pes   ³ , MD, PhD ;   C Dilara Savci-Heijink   ⁴ , MD ;   Ton G van Leeuwen   ² , MSc, PhD ;   Theo M de Reijke   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Jean JMCH de la Rosette   ³ , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

² Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

³ Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

⁴ Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

*these authors contributed equally